A collection of resources

New Caledonia is a French territory that sits around 1,500 km from the East coast of Australia. It is home to approximately 300,000 people.

As part of the processes envisaged by the Noumea Accords, the territory has undertaken three referendums on the issue of independence from France.

On each occasion, the result was in favour of remaining a French territory rather than becoming independent. Between 2018 and 2020, the margin between the "Non" and "Oui" narrowed. In 2021, the participation rate dropped significantly as pro-independence voters heeded a call from their leadership not to take part in the vote:

YEAR

"OUI"

"NON"

PARTICIPATION

2018

43.33%

56.67%

81.01%

2020

46.74%

53.26%

85.69%

2021

3.51%

96.49%

43.87%

The political future of New Caledonia remains uncertain.

Here at the Pacific Hub, we have been adding to our resources that provide a detailed picture of the influences and issues that have informed this process since mid-2019. We have included news reports, analysis and commentary, podcasts and more.

We are pleased to provide this resource to support increased and deeper knowledge and understanding of the ongoing process towards decolonisation that is taking place in New Caledonia

For further information or if you have any queries, please contact the Pacific Hub project lead:

Media

News items 2024

News items 2023

News items 2022

News items 2021

News items 2020

News reports

Controversy around New Caledonia's 3rd referendum

SBS | 13 December 2021

New Caledonia torn over issue of independence

France 24 | 9 December 2021

New Caledonia prepares for polarising vote

ABC News | 1 December 2021

New Caledonia referendum

SBS | 5 October 2020

Voters have chosen to remain a French colony

ABC | 5 October 2020

New Caledonia rejects second independence referend

ABC | 5 October

Macron welcomes referendum result with 'gratitude'

France 24 | 5 October 2020

New Caledonia rejects independence from France

France 24 | 4 October 2020

New Caledonia set for 2nd Independence referendum

WION | 4 October 2020

New Caledonia votes in second referendum

France 24 | 4 October 2020

New Caledonia referendum - will it remain French?

Euronews |  3 October 2020

New Caledonia heads to the polls for independence

ABC | 2 October 2020

New Caledonia independence referendum final result

PMC |  7 November 2018

Most of the young Kanaks feel marginalised

France 24 |  6 November 2018

New Caledonia has voted to stay French

SBS News |  5 November 2018

Post-referendum unrest closes highway

ABC News |  5 November 2018

Macron hails New Caledonia vote to 'remain French'

Al Jazeera |  5 November 2018

New Caledonia rejects independence from France

France 24 |  5 November 2018

Independence from France? New Caledonia holds vote

Al Jazeera |  4 November 2018

Indigenous people push for independence

SBS News |  3 November 2018

New Caledonia referendum

ABC News |  3 November 2018

New Caledonia prepares for independence vote

France 24 |  3 November 2018

French territory of New Caledonia votes

SBS News |  2 November 2018

Will New Caledonia break away from France?

ABC News |  1 November 2018

New Caledonia referendum - will it remain French?

SBS News |  28 October 2018

New Caledonia's independence referendum

TRT World |  9 May 2018

Inequality a key issue in New Caledonia's debate

France 24 |  3 May 2018

New Caledonia rejects independence in referendum

ABC News |  5 November 2018

Publications

TitleAuthor/s Type of publicationDate
Elite settlements in island territories: The road to a binding political status referendum in New Caledonia and Puerto Rico Alberto M. Burgos-Rivera Journal Article 2023
Just Transitions and the Pacific Case Study 2: Nickel in New Caledonia Dr John Burton Working Paper 2022
Imagining a just future for New Caledonia: green mining, climate justice, and the Kanak fight for independence Nicole Gooch Journal Article 2022
Getting to ‘Oui’ in the Nouméa Accord’s Final Status Talks Daryl Morini Discussion Paper 2022
Common destiny?: a critical discourse analysis of the independence debate between France and New Caledonia  Margo Lecompte-Van Poucke Thesis 2022
Power and ideology in the New Caledonian independence debate: a pragma-functional approach to critical discourse analysis  Margo Lecompte-Van Poucke PhD Thesis 2022
How the China Card is Played in New Caledonia Daryl Morini Discussion Paper 2022
La critique est aisée, mais l’art est difficile. A critical anthropology put to the test of decolonization: Lessons from New Caledonia Natacha Gagné and Marie Salaün   2022
A Decolonisation Test for France in the Pacific: The Third Referendum on Independence in New Caledonia Part 1: The Controversial Vote David A. Chappell Discussion Paper 2022
A Decolonisation Test for France in the Pacific: The Third Referendum on Independence in New Caledonia Part 2: What Next? David A. Chappell Discussion Paper 2022
France and New Caledonia: Three independence referendums and an impasse Denise Fisher Occasional paper 2022
Incompatible Struggles? Reclaiming Indigenous Sovereignty and Political Sovereignty in Kanaky and/or New Caledonia Anthony Tutugoro Discussion paper 2021
Understanding New Caledonia Caroline Gravelat (ed) Edited collection 2021
Uncertainties as New Caledonia prepares for its final independence referendum Denise Fisher Discussion paper 2021
The Crowded and Complex Pacific: Lessons from France’s Pacific Experience Denise Fisher Journal Article 2020
The Role of Social Media in New Caledonia’s Referendums on Self-determination Nic Maclellan Discussion Paper 2020
The role of the United Nations in New Caledonia’s process of self-determination Caroline Gravelat Discussion paper 2020
The role of social media in New Caledonia’s referendums on self-determination Nic Maclellan Working paper 2020
Self-Determination and Electoral Geography in New Caledonia: Political Stasis or Independence? Pierre-Christophe Pantz Working paper 2020
The road to sovereignty for New Caledonia? Analysis of the November 2018 consultation on self-determination  Journal Article 2019
New Caledonia’s independence referendum: Local and regional implications Denise Fisher Discussion Paper 2019
Independence for Kanaky: A media and political stalemate or a ‘three strikes’ Frexit challenge? David Robie Journal article 2019
New Caledonia’s independence referendum: Local and regional implications Denise Fisher Analysis paper 2019
Introduction: The long-run impact of New Caledonia’s Noumea Accord Jon Fraenkel Journal article 2018
New Caledonia's Independence Referendum: Re-defining the future Denise Fisher Journal article 2018
‘We lost on the numbers, but for us it's a victory’: New Caledonia's 2018 referendum on self-determination Nic Maclellan Journal article 2018
New Caledonia remains French for now: The referendum of 4 November 2018 Mathias Chauchat Journal article 2018
New Caledonia and Bougainville: Towards a new political status? Nic Maclellan and Anthony Regan Discussion paper 2018
The New Caledonian Referendum on Independence (Part 2): The vote Scott Robertson Discussion paper 2018
The New Caledonian Referendum on Independence (Part 3): Key issues Scott Robertson Discussion paper 2018
France and the Blue Pacific Nic Maclellan Discussion paper 2018
Chapter 5: 5 Kanak Women on the Move in Contemporary New Caledonia Marie-Claire and Beboko-Beccalossi Book Chapter 2017
Chapter 2: From Anticipation to Practice: Social and Economic Management of a Nickel Plant’s Establishment in New Caledonia’s North Province Jean-Michel Sourisseau, Sonia Grochain and David Poithily Book Chapter 2017
Chapter 4: The Boakaine Mine in New Caledonia: A Local Development Issue? Christine Demmer Book Chapter 2017
Chapter 5: Conflict and Agreement: The Politics of Nickel in Thio, New Caledonia Pierre-Yves Le Meur Book Chapter 2017
Chapter 6: Contesting the Goro Nickel Mining Project, New Caledonia: Indigenous Rights, Sustainable Development and the Land Issue Claire Levacher Book Chapter 2017
The New Caledonian Referendum on Independence (Part 1): Historical origins Scott Robertson Discussion paper 2017
An emerging “Islandian” sovereignty of non-self-governing islands Gerard Prinsen and Severine Blaise Journal Article 2017