PhD Candidate

Emma Shakespeare is a PhD candidate in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Griffith University. Her doctoral research examines frontline interactions between police officers and sovereign citizens through a procedural justice lens. Using police body-worn camera footage and a systematic social observation (SSO) approach, her thesis provides one of the first empirical analyses of how these encounters unfold in real time. Emma has presented her research at the 2025 European Society of Criminology Annual Conference.

Alongside her PhD, Emma works in the Cybercrime Prevention team at the Australian Federal Police within the Joint Policing Cybercrime Coordination Centre (JPC3). She is committed to strengthening the connection between academic research and operational policing, with a focus on producing insights that directly inform practice and policy.

Emma is also an experienced sessional academic, tutoring various courses including Introduction to Criminology and Criminal Justice, Counter Terrorism Law, and Fraud and Cybercrime.

Research Topic

Policing Sovereign Citizens: Procedural Justice, Legitimacy, and the Dynamics of Anti-Authority Encounters

Supervisors

Professor Kristina Murphy

Associate Professor Keiran Hardy

Areas of interest

Sovereign citizens and conspiracy theorists

Policing

Procedural justice

Video data analysis / SSO

Cybercrime prevention

Publications

Shakespeare, E., Hardy, K., & Murphy, K. (2025, August 27). Why are police a target for sovereign citizen violence? The Conversation.

Murphy, K., Cherney, A., Hardy, K., Sas, S., & Shakespeare, E. (2025). Linking Conspiracy Beliefs and Violent Anti-Government Extremism: Mitigating the Threat with Procedurally Just Governance. Terrorism and Political Violence, 1-24.

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School of Criminology and Criminal Justice have the largest community of criminologists in Australia